The rise of totalitarian regimes
Nazi Germany
Fascist Italy
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Militarist Japan
The failure of appeasement
What was appeasement?
Why did democracies appease?
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The road to war: Hitler's aggression
The Munich Conference (September 1938)
The Nazi-Soviet Pact (August 1939)
Deeper causes: Connecting WWI to WWII
Continuity between the wars
The "Twenty Years' Crisis"
Why did war begin in 1939?
Primary sources
Neville Chamberlain after Munich (September 1938)
Winston Churchill on the Munich Agreement (October 1938)
Adolf Hitler to his generals (August 1939)
Key figures
Key events summary
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