The Paris Peace Conference (1919)
The Big Four and their goals
The Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Wilson's Fourteen Points vs. reality
The mandate system
Replacing empires with mandates
The Sykes-Picot Agreement and Middle Eastern consequences
The rise of authoritarian ideologies
Communism: The Soviet experiment
Fascism: A new political ideology
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Nationalist movements in the colonial world
The failure of collective security
The League of Nations
Primary sources
Woodrow Wilson, Fourteen Points (January 1918)
Ho Chi Minh, petition to the Paris Peace Conference (1919)
Adolf Hitler on the Treaty of Versailles (1923)
Key figures
Key events summary
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