5.5

Crowding Out

AP Macroeconomics

Review: crowding out mechanism

Long-run consequences

Reduced capital accumulation

Slower economic growth

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Crowding out slows economic growth: the PPC shifts outward less

Crowding out in the loanable funds market (long run)

1234567891011121234567Quantity of Loanable FundsReal Interest Rate (%)Without deficitWith deficitSLFDLF (private only)DLF (private + gov)

Government deficit shifts DLF right → higher r → less private investment

Complete crowding out scenario

Why crowding out is less severe in a recession

Connection to other policies

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