5.3

Profit-Maximizing Behavior in Perfectly Competitive Factor Markets

AP Microeconomics

Setup: Two Competitive Markets

The Hiring Decision

Complete Worked Example

Firm's Profit from Labor

Graphical Analysis

Firm's surplus from labor246820406080100120140Workers$/workerHire 4: MRP≈MFCMRP = D(labor)W = MFC = S(labor) = $50

The area between MRP and W (up to the hiring point) is the firm's surplus from hiring

What Happens When the Wage Changes?

Market Equilibrium in the Labor Market

20040060080020406080100Workers (market)Wage ($)W* = $50, L* = 400Market Labor SupplyMarket Labor Demand (ΣMRP)

Market wage and employment determined by market-level supply and demand for labor

Wage Differentials

Transfer Earnings and Economic Rent

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Common Mistakes