The constructor chain
Rules for `super()`
Rule 1: Must be the first statement
Rule 2: Implicit `super()` if omitted
Rule 3: Match the superclass constructor signature
Multiple constructors in subclass
What the subclass constructor does NOT do
Trace: Constructor execution order
Overriding methods
Override rules
Overriding vs. overloading
Using `super.method()` from an override
Complete example: Shape hierarchy
AP Exam Tips
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