The constructor chain

Rules for `super()`

Rule 1: Must be the first statement

Rule 2: Implicit `super()` if omitted

Rule 3: Match the superclass constructor signature

Multiple constructors in subclass

What the subclass constructor does NOT do

Trace: Constructor execution order

Overriding methods

Override rules

Overriding vs. overloading

Using `super.method()` from an override

Complete example: Shape hierarchy

AP Exam Tips

Common Mistakes

Key Vocabulary