Integration by Substitution (u-Substitution)
The chain rule connection
The u-substitution procedure
Step-by-step framework
Example 1 — Power with linear inner function
Example 2 — Exponential with inner function
Example 3 — Trigonometric
Example 4 — Rational function leading to logarithm
Example 5 — Square root
How to choose $u$
u-Substitution with definite integrals
Adjusting for missing constants
Common u-substitution patterns
Tricky examples
AP exam tips
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Vocabulary
Unit 6 topics
Unit 6 overview16.1 Exploring Accumulations of Change26.2 Approximating Areas with Riemann Sums36.3 Riemann Sums, Summation Notation, and Definite Integral Notation46.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Accumulation Functions56.5 Interpreting the Behavior of Accumulation Functions66.6 Applying Properties of Definite Integrals76.7 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Definite Integrals86.8 Finding Antiderivatives and Indefinite Integrals96.9 Common Indefinite Integrals and Basic Rules106.10 Integrating Using Substitution116.11 Integrating Using Long Division and Completing the Square