4.7

Regulation of Cell Cycle

AP Biology

Regulation of Cell Cycle

Cell cycle checkpoints

The G₁ checkpoint is the most important

Internal regulators: cyclins and CDKs

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)

Cyclins

How they work together

MPF (Maturation-Promoting Factor)

External regulators

Growth factors

Density-dependent inhibition

Anchorage dependence

Growth inhibitors

Cancer: loss of cell cycle regulation

Characteristics of cancer cells

Proto-oncogenes → oncogenes (review from 4.4)

Tumor suppressors (review from 4.4)

Multi-step development of cancer

Benign vs malignant tumors

Vocabulary