2.8

Tonicity and Osmoregulation

AP Biology

Mechanisms of transport

Active transport overview

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Primary active transport

The Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase (sodium-potassium pump)

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Other primary active transport pumps

Secondary active transport (cotransport)

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Proton gradient and chemiosmosis

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Bulk transport

Exocytosis

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Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis in detail

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Complete transport summary

Vocabulary