2.8

Tonicity and Osmoregulation

AP Biology

Mechanisms of transport

Active transport overview

Primary active transport

The Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase (sodium-potassium pump)

Other primary active transport pumps

Secondary active transport (cotransport)

Proton gradient and chemiosmosis

Bulk transport

Exocytosis

Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis in detail

Complete transport summary

Vocabulary