Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function

Based on the data, which solution is most likely hypertonic relative to the cell contents?

In which beaker is the net movement of water equal to zero?

If a red blood cell were placed in Solution A instead of a dialysis bag, what would most likely occur?

Using the data, calculate the water potential of the 5% sucrose solution at 25°C if the pressure potential is 0. The solute potential of 5% sucrose at 25°C is -1.3 bars. Express your answer in bars.

Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is best described as

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

A cell is treated with a drug that blocks the formation of clathrin-coated pits. Which cellular process would be most directly inhibited?

A scientist observes that a particular molecule moves across the plasma membrane from low concentration to high concentration, but the process is not directly coupled to ATP hydrolysis. Which transport mechanism is most likely involved?

The primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells is to

Which of the following provides the best evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

In a eukaryotic cell, which pathway correctly traces the route of a secretory protein from synthesis to export?

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. As water leaves the cell, the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall. This process is called

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

A freshwater protist such as Paramecium maintains its water balance primarily through the action of its

Based on the information provided, which microscope would be most appropriate for observing the three-dimensional surface features of a pollen grain?

A student wants to observe a living Elodea leaf cell undergoing cytoplasmic streaming. Which microscope should the student use?

A researcher needs to determine the internal ultrastructure of a mitochondrion, including the arrangement of cristae. Which microscope would be most appropriate?

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells that distinguishes them from eukaryotic cells?

Cells in the human body vary greatly in size and shape. Which of the following best explains why cells cannot grow indefinitely larger?

A cell has a radius of 2 micrometers. If the radius doubles to 4 micrometers, by what factor does the surface area-to-volume ratio decrease? Express your answer as a whole number.

Based on the data, which substance most likely crosses the membrane by facilitated diffusion through a channel protein?

Substance A most likely crosses the membrane by

Substance C crosses at a low rate that barely changes without ATP and increases with gradient. This substance most likely crosses by

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which of the following will occur?

Which structure is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

The Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pumps 3 Na⁺ ions out and 2 K⁺ ions into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed. This pump is classified as an electrogenic pump because it

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that function at an acidic pH (~5). If a lysosomal membrane ruptures, these enzymes would be less active in the cytoplasm because the

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A cell with a water potential (Ψ) of −0.8 MPa is placed in a solution with a water potential of −0.4 MPa. Water will

Which of the following provides the strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial origin?

A cuboidal cell has a side length of 4 μm. What is its surface area-to-volume ratio? Express as a decimal.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis differs from phagocytosis in that receptor-mediated endocytosis

The primary function of the central vacuole in plant cells is to

A cell is placed in a solution where the water potential (Ψ) of the solution is more negative than the water potential of the cell. Which of the following will occur?

Which cellular organelle is surrounded by a double membrane and contains its own circular DNA, providing key evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?